Creating systematic browse : an epidemiologic method
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Vitamin B 12 and folic acid are essential for formation of red blood cells, and are also believed to prevent disorders of central nervous system, mood disorders, and dementia . Nutritional anemia due to vitamin B 12 and/or folate deficiency is generally associated with hyperhomo-cysteinemia, which has been linked with pregnancy complications like pre-eclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss and intra-uterine growth restriction . A common cause of vitamin B 12 deficiency is poor intake or absorption mediated by three transport proteins viz haptocorrin (HC), intrinsic factor (IF) and transcobalamin II (TCII). The deficiency is more common among vegetarians because they lack vitamin B 12 in their diets . Some of gastrointestinal diseases, such as Celiac disease or Crohns disease which interfere with food absorption, in B 12 deficiency . Several studies from many parts of India (Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Varanasi) suggest that a large proportion of individuals (20-40%) are deficient in vitamin B 12 and folic acid, presumably due to adherence to a strict vegetarian diet. Reports also suggest that polymor-phisms in genes involved in vitamin B 12 absorption also contribute to the large pool of vitamin B 12 deficiency. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey also estimated that 3.2% of adults over age 50 have a seriously low vitamin B 12 level, and up to 20% ounts of folic acid can mask the damaging effects of vitamin B 12 deficiency by correcting the megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B 12 deficiency .